Everything about Keian Uprising totally explained
The was a failed
coup d'etat attempt carried out against th
Tokugawa shogunate of
Japan in
1651, by a number of
ronin. Though it failed, the event is historically significant as an indication of a wider problem of disgruntled ronin throughout the country at the time. Masterminded by
Yui Shōsetsu and
Marubashi Chūya, the uprising is named after the
Keian era in which it took place.
According to strategist Yui's plan, Marubashi would take
Edo Castle, the headquarters of the shogunate, using barrels of gunpowder to begin a fire which would rage through Edo, the capital. In the confusion, with the authorities distracted by firefighting efforts, the ronin would storm the castle and kill key high officials.
At the same time, Yui would lead a second group and seize the Tokugawa stronghold in
Sunpu (modern-day city of
Shizuoka). Further action was planned for
Osaka Castle and
Kyoto. They timed their rebellion to take advantage of the death of Shogun
Tokugawa Iemitsu, as his successor,
Ietsuna, was still a child. The conspirators aimed to force the shogunate to relax its policies of seizing
han and dispossessing
daimyo, which under Iemitsu had deprived tens of thousands of samurai of position and income, adding them to the ranks of ronin.
Ultimately, however, the uprising failed when the conspirators' plan was discovered. Marubashi Chūya fell ill, and, talking through his fever dreams, revealed secrets which made their way to the authorities by the time the rebels were ready to move. Marubashi was arrested and executed in Edo; Yui Shōsetsu escaped that fate by committing
seppuku, in Sunpu, upon finding himself surrounded by police. Several of the rebels committed suicide alongside him. The families of the conspirators as well were then tortured and killed by the authorities, as was usual at the time; several were crucified.
In the aftermath of the suppression of the uprising, the shogunal Elders (
Rōjū) met to discuss the origins of the uprising, and how to prevent similar events from occurring in the future. Originally, most of the Elders sought to take severe measures, including expelling all ronin from the city, but they were eventually convinced by
Abe Tadaaki to take a more rational tack. He suggested reducing the number of ronin opposed to the shogunate, not through expulsion, but by introducing more favorable policies. In particular, he convinced the council that the shogunate ought to do away with the law of
escheatment, and to work to help ronin settle into proper jobs. Forcefully expelling a great number of people from the city, he argued, would only serve to create more opposition to the government.
Far from being an isolated incident, the Keian Uprising was followed by an event the following year involving several hundred ronin, and another soon afterwards in
Sado. Granted, these were not directly related, that is, none of the persons involved were the same, nor did they follow a single leader or organized ideology. Despite this, or perhaps because of it, it's significant to note how widespread the distaste for the shogunate was at this time, and the degree of the "problem" of the ronin throughout the country.
The tale was then retold in a novel,
Keian Taiheiki (慶安太平記), and in a number of
Kabuki plays, the most famous of which, also called
Keian Taiheiki, was written by renowned playwright
Kawatake Mokuami.
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